Files
wxWidgets/src/msw/utilsexc.cpp

962 lines
28 KiB
C++

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Name: msw/utilsexec.cpp
// Purpose: wxExecute implementation for MSW
// Author: Julian Smart
// Modified by:
// Created: 04/01/98
// RCS-ID: $Id$
// Copyright: (c) 1998-2002 wxWindows dev team
// Licence: wxWindows license
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ============================================================================
// declarations
// ============================================================================
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// headers
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#ifdef __GNUG__
#pragma implementation
#endif
// For compilers that support precompilation, includes "wx.h".
#include "wx/wxprec.h"
#ifdef __BORLANDC__
#pragma hdrstop
#endif
#ifndef WX_PRECOMP
#include "wx/utils.h"
#include "wx/app.h"
#include "wx/intl.h"
#include "wx/log.h"
#if wxUSE_GUI // See 'dirty hack' below.
#include "wx/frame.h"
#endif
#endif
#ifdef __WIN32__
#include "wx/stream.h"
#include "wx/process.h"
#endif
#include "wx/msw/private.h"
#include <ctype.h>
#if !defined(__GNUWIN32__) && !defined(__WXWINE__) && !defined(__SALFORDC__) && !defined(__WXMICROWIN__)
#include <direct.h>
#ifndef __MWERKS__
#include <dos.h>
#endif
#endif
#if defined(__GNUWIN32__) && !defined(__TWIN32__)
#include <sys/unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#endif
#if defined(__WIN32__) && !defined(__WXWINE__) && !defined(__WXMICROWIN__)
#include <io.h>
#ifndef __GNUWIN32__
#include <shellapi.h>
#endif
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#ifndef __WATCOMC__
#if !(defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER > 800))
#include <errno.h>
#endif
#endif
#include <stdarg.h>
#if wxUSE_IPC
#include "wx/dde.h" // for WX_DDE hack in wxExecute
#endif // wxUSE_IPC
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// constants
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// this message is sent when the process we're waiting for terminates
#define wxWM_PROC_TERMINATED (WM_USER + 10000)
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// this module globals
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// we need to create a hidden window to receive the process termination
// notifications and for this we need a (Win) class name for it which we will
// register the first time it's needed
static const wxChar *gs_classForHiddenWindow = NULL;
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// private types
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// structure describing the process we're being waiting for
struct wxExecuteData
{
public:
~wxExecuteData()
{
#ifndef __WIN16__
if ( !::CloseHandle(hProcess) )
{
wxLogLastError(wxT("CloseHandle(hProcess)"));
}
#endif
}
HWND hWnd; // window to send wxWM_PROC_TERMINATED to
HANDLE hProcess; // handle of the process
DWORD dwProcessId; // pid of the process
wxProcess *handler;
DWORD dwExitCode; // the exit code of the process
bool state; // set to FALSE when the process finishes
};
#if defined(__WIN32__) && wxUSE_STREAMS
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// wxPipeStreams
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
class wxPipeInputStream: public wxInputStream
{
public:
wxPipeInputStream(HANDLE hInput);
virtual ~wxPipeInputStream();
// returns TRUE if the pipe is still opened
bool IsOpened() const { return m_hInput != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE; }
// returns TRUE if there is any data to be read from the pipe
bool IsAvailable() const;
protected:
size_t OnSysRead(void *buffer, size_t len);
protected:
HANDLE m_hInput;
};
class wxPipeOutputStream: public wxOutputStream
{
public:
wxPipeOutputStream(HANDLE hOutput);
virtual ~wxPipeOutputStream();
protected:
size_t OnSysWrite(const void *buffer, size_t len);
protected:
HANDLE m_hOutput;
};
// define this to let wxexec.cpp know that we know what we're doing
#define _WX_USED_BY_WXEXECUTE_
#include "../common/execcmn.cpp"
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// wxPipe represents a Win32 anonymous pipe
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
class wxPipe
{
public:
// the symbolic names for the pipe ends
enum Direction
{
Read,
Write
};
// default ctor doesn't do anything
wxPipe() { m_handles[Read] = m_handles[Write] = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE; }
// create the pipe, return TRUE if ok, FALSE on error
bool Create()
{
// default secutiry attributes
SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES security;
security.nLength = sizeof(security);
security.lpSecurityDescriptor = NULL;
security.bInheritHandle = TRUE; // to pass it to the child
if ( !::CreatePipe(&m_handles[0], &m_handles[1], &security, 0) )
{
wxLogSysError(_("Failed to create an anonymous pipe"));
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
// return TRUE if we were created successfully
bool IsOk() const { return m_handles[Read] != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE; }
// return the descriptor for one of the pipe ends
HANDLE operator[](Direction which) const
{
wxASSERT_MSG( which >= 0 && (size_t)which < WXSIZEOF(m_handles),
_T("invalid pipe index") );
return m_handles[which];
}
// detach a descriptor, meaning that the pipe dtor won't close it, and
// return it
HANDLE Detach(Direction which)
{
wxASSERT_MSG( which >= 0 && (size_t)which < WXSIZEOF(m_handles),
_T("invalid pipe index") );
HANDLE handle = m_handles[which];
m_handles[which] = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
return handle;
}
// close the pipe descriptors
void Close()
{
for ( size_t n = 0; n < WXSIZEOF(m_handles); n++ )
{
if ( m_handles[n] != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
{
::CloseHandle(m_handles[n]);
m_handles[n] = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
}
}
}
// dtor closes the pipe descriptors
~wxPipe() { Close(); }
private:
HANDLE m_handles[2];
};
#endif // wxUSE_STREAMS
// ============================================================================
// implementation
// ============================================================================
#ifdef __WIN32__
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// process termination detecting support
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// thread function for the thread monitoring the process termination
static DWORD __stdcall wxExecuteThread(void *arg)
{
wxExecuteData * const data = (wxExecuteData *)arg;
if ( ::WaitForSingleObject(data->hProcess, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0 )
{
wxLogDebug(_T("Waiting for the process termination failed!"));
}
// get the exit code
if ( !::GetExitCodeProcess(data->hProcess, &data->dwExitCode) )
{
wxLogLastError(wxT("GetExitCodeProcess"));
}
wxASSERT_MSG( data->dwExitCode != STILL_ACTIVE,
wxT("process should have terminated") );
// send a message indicating process termination to the window
::SendMessage(data->hWnd, wxWM_PROC_TERMINATED, 0, (LPARAM)data);
return 0;
}
// window procedure of a hidden window which is created just to receive
// the notification message when a process exits
LRESULT APIENTRY _EXPORT wxExecuteWindowCbk(HWND hWnd, UINT message,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
if ( message == wxWM_PROC_TERMINATED )
{
DestroyWindow(hWnd); // we don't need it any more
wxExecuteData * const data = (wxExecuteData *)lParam;
if ( data->handler )
{
data->handler->OnTerminate((int)data->dwProcessId,
(int)data->dwExitCode);
}
if ( data->state )
{
// we're executing synchronously, tell the waiting thread
// that the process finished
data->state = 0;
}
else
{
// asynchronous execution - we should do the clean up
delete data;
}
return 0;
}
else
{
return ::DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
}
// ============================================================================
// implementation of IO redirection support classes
// ============================================================================
#if wxUSE_STREAMS
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// wxPipeInputStreams
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
wxPipeInputStream::wxPipeInputStream(HANDLE hInput)
{
m_hInput = hInput;
}
wxPipeInputStream::~wxPipeInputStream()
{
if ( m_hInput != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
::CloseHandle(m_hInput);
}
bool wxPipeInputStream::IsAvailable() const
{
// FIXME
#ifdef __WXWINE__
return FALSE;
#else
if ( !IsOpened() )
return FALSE;
DWORD nAvailable;
// function name is misleading, it works with anon pipes as well
DWORD rc = ::PeekNamedPipe
(
m_hInput, // handle
NULL, 0, // ptr to buffer and its size
NULL, // [out] bytes read
&nAvailable, // [out] bytes available
NULL // [out] bytes left
);
if ( !rc )
{
if ( ::GetLastError() != ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE )
{
// unexpected error
wxLogLastError(_T("PeekNamedPipe"));
}
// don't try to continue reading from a pipe if an error occured or if
// it had been closed
::CloseHandle(m_hInput);
wxConstCast(this, wxPipeInputStream)->m_hInput = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
return FALSE;
}
return nAvailable != 0;
#endif
}
size_t wxPipeInputStream::OnSysRead(void *buffer, size_t len)
{
// reading from a pipe may block if there is no more data, always check for
// EOF first
if ( !IsAvailable() )
{
m_lasterror = wxSTREAM_EOF;
return 0;
}
m_lasterror = wxSTREAM_NOERROR;
DWORD bytesRead;
if ( !::ReadFile(m_hInput, buffer, len, &bytesRead, NULL) )
{
if ( ::GetLastError() == ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE )
m_lasterror = wxSTREAM_EOF;
else
m_lasterror = wxSTREAM_READ_ERROR;
}
return bytesRead;
}
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// wxPipeOutputStream
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
wxPipeOutputStream::wxPipeOutputStream(HANDLE hOutput)
{
m_hOutput = hOutput;
}
wxPipeOutputStream::~wxPipeOutputStream()
{
::CloseHandle(m_hOutput);
}
size_t wxPipeOutputStream::OnSysWrite(const void *buffer, size_t len)
{
DWORD bytesRead;
m_lasterror = wxSTREAM_NOERROR;
if ( !::WriteFile(m_hOutput, buffer, len, &bytesRead, NULL) )
{
if ( ::GetLastError() == ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE )
m_lasterror = wxSTREAM_EOF;
else
m_lasterror = wxSTREAM_READ_ERROR;
}
return bytesRead;
}
#endif // wxUSE_STREAMS
#endif // Win32
// ============================================================================
// wxExecute functions family
// ============================================================================
#if wxUSE_IPC
// connect to the given server via DDE and ask it to execute the command
static bool wxExecuteDDE(const wxString& ddeServer,
const wxString& ddeTopic,
const wxString& ddeCommand)
{
bool ok;
wxDDEClient client;
wxConnectionBase *conn = client.MakeConnection(_T(""),
ddeServer,
ddeTopic);
if ( !conn )
{
ok = FALSE;
}
else // connected to DDE server
{
// the added complication here is that although most
// programs use XTYP_EXECUTE for their DDE API, some
// important ones - like IE and other MS stuff - use
// XTYP_REQUEST!
//
// so we try it first and then the other one if it
// failed
{
wxLogNull noErrors;
ok = conn->Request(ddeCommand) != NULL;
}
if ( !ok )
{
// now try execute - but show the errors
ok = conn->Execute(ddeCommand);
}
}
return ok;
}
#endif // wxUSE_IPC
long wxExecute(const wxString& cmd, int flags, wxProcess *handler)
{
wxCHECK_MSG( !!cmd, 0, wxT("empty command in wxExecute") );
wxString command;
#if wxUSE_IPC
// DDE hack: this is really not pretty, but we need to allow this for
// transparent handling of DDE servers in wxMimeTypesManager. Usually it
// returns the command which should be run to view/open/... a file of the
// given type. Sometimes, however, this command just launches the server
// and an additional DDE request must be made to really open the file. To
// keep all this well hidden from the application, we allow a special form
// of command: WX_DDE#<command>#DDE_SERVER#DDE_TOPIC#DDE_COMMAND in which
// case we execute just <command> and process the rest below
wxString ddeServer, ddeTopic, ddeCommand;
static const size_t lenDdePrefix = 7; // strlen("WX_DDE:")
if ( cmd.Left(lenDdePrefix) == _T("WX_DDE#") )
{
// speed up the concatenations below
ddeServer.reserve(256);
ddeTopic.reserve(256);
ddeCommand.reserve(256);
const wxChar *p = cmd.c_str() + 7;
while ( *p && *p != _T('#') )
{
command += *p++;
}
if ( *p )
{
// skip '#'
p++;
}
else
{
wxFAIL_MSG(_T("invalid WX_DDE command in wxExecute"));
}
while ( *p && *p != _T('#') )
{
ddeServer += *p++;
}
if ( *p )
{
// skip '#'
p++;
}
else
{
wxFAIL_MSG(_T("invalid WX_DDE command in wxExecute"));
}
while ( *p && *p != _T('#') )
{
ddeTopic += *p++;
}
if ( *p )
{
// skip '#'
p++;
}
else
{
wxFAIL_MSG(_T("invalid WX_DDE command in wxExecute"));
}
while ( *p )
{
ddeCommand += *p++;
}
// if we want to just launch the program and not wait for its
// termination, try to execute DDE command right now, it can succeed if
// the process is already running - but as it fails if it's not
// running, suppress any errors it might generate
if ( !(flags & wxEXEC_SYNC) )
{
wxLogNull noErrors;
if ( wxExecuteDDE(ddeServer, ddeTopic, ddeCommand) )
{
// a dummy PID - this is a hack, of course, but it's well worth
// it as we don't open a new server each time we're called
// which would be quite bad
return -1;
}
}
}
else
#endif // wxUSE_IPC
{
// no DDE
command = cmd;
}
#if defined(__WIN32__) && !defined(__TWIN32__)
// the IO redirection is only supported with wxUSE_STREAMS
BOOL redirect = FALSE;
#if wxUSE_STREAMS
wxPipe pipeIn, pipeOut, pipeErr;
// we'll save here the copy of pipeIn[Write]
HANDLE hpipeStdinWrite = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
// open the pipes to which child process IO will be redirected if needed
if ( handler && handler->IsRedirected() )
{
// create pipes for redirecting stdin, stdout and stderr
if ( !pipeIn.Create() || !pipeOut.Create() || !pipeErr.Create() )
{
wxLogSysError(_("Failed to redirect the child process IO"));
// indicate failure: we need to return different error code
// depending on the sync flag
return flags & wxEXEC_SYNC ? -1 : 0;
}
redirect = TRUE;
}
#endif // wxUSE_STREAMS
// create the process
STARTUPINFO si;
wxZeroMemory(si);
si.cb = sizeof(si);
#if wxUSE_STREAMS
if ( redirect )
{
si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
si.hStdInput = pipeIn[wxPipe::Read];
si.hStdOutput = pipeOut[wxPipe::Write];
si.hStdError = pipeErr[wxPipe::Write];
// when the std IO is redirected, we don't show the (console) process
// window by default, but this can be overridden by the caller by
// specifying wxEXEC_NOHIDE flag
if ( !(flags & wxEXEC_NOHIDE) )
{
si.dwFlags |= STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
si.wShowWindow = SW_HIDE;
}
// we must duplicate the handle to the write side of stdin pipe to make
// it non inheritable: indeed, we must close the writing end of pipeIn
// before launching the child process as otherwise this handle will be
// inherited by the child which will never close it and so the pipe
// will never be closed and the child will be left stuck in ReadFile()
HANDLE pipeInWrite = pipeIn.Detach(wxPipe::Write);
if ( !::DuplicateHandle
(
::GetCurrentProcess(),
pipeInWrite,
::GetCurrentProcess(),
&hpipeStdinWrite,
0, // desired access: unused here
FALSE, // not inherited
DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS // same access as for src handle
) )
{
wxLogLastError(_T("DuplicateHandle"));
}
::CloseHandle(pipeInWrite);
}
#endif // wxUSE_STREAMS
PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
DWORD dwFlags = CREATE_DEFAULT_ERROR_MODE | CREATE_SUSPENDED;
bool ok = ::CreateProcess
(
NULL, // application name (use only cmd line)
(wxChar *)
command.c_str(), // full command line
NULL, // security attributes: defaults for both
NULL, // the process and its main thread
redirect, // inherit handles if we use pipes
dwFlags, // process creation flags
NULL, // environment (use the same)
NULL, // current directory (use the same)
&si, // startup info (unused here)
&pi // process info
) != 0;
#if wxUSE_STREAMS
// we can close the pipe ends used by child anyhow
if ( redirect )
{
::CloseHandle(pipeIn.Detach(wxPipe::Read));
::CloseHandle(pipeOut.Detach(wxPipe::Write));
::CloseHandle(pipeErr.Detach(wxPipe::Write));
}
#endif // wxUSE_STREAMS
if ( !ok )
{
#if wxUSE_STREAMS
// close the other handles too
if ( redirect )
{
::CloseHandle(pipeOut.Detach(wxPipe::Read));
::CloseHandle(pipeErr.Detach(wxPipe::Read));
}
#endif // wxUSE_STREAMS
wxLogSysError(_("Execution of command '%s' failed"), command.c_str());
return flags & wxEXEC_SYNC ? -1 : 0;
}
#if wxUSE_STREAMS
// the input buffer bufOut is connected to stdout, this is why it is
// called bufOut and not bufIn
wxStreamTempInputBuffer bufOut,
bufErr;
if ( redirect )
{
// We can now initialize the wxStreams
wxPipeInputStream *
outStream = new wxPipeInputStream(pipeOut.Detach(wxPipe::Read));
wxPipeInputStream *
errStream = new wxPipeInputStream(pipeErr.Detach(wxPipe::Read));
wxPipeOutputStream *
inStream = new wxPipeOutputStream(hpipeStdinWrite);
handler->SetPipeStreams(outStream, inStream, errStream);
bufOut.Init(outStream);
bufErr.Init(errStream);
}
#endif // wxUSE_STREAMS
// register the class for the hidden window used for the notifications
if ( !gs_classForHiddenWindow )
{
gs_classForHiddenWindow = _T("wxHiddenWindow");
WNDCLASS wndclass;
wxZeroMemory(wndclass);
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)wxExecuteWindowCbk;
wndclass.hInstance = wxGetInstance();
wndclass.lpszClassName = gs_classForHiddenWindow;
if ( !::RegisterClass(&wndclass) )
{
wxLogLastError(wxT("RegisterClass(hidden window)"));
}
}
// create a hidden window to receive notification about process
// termination
HWND hwnd = ::CreateWindow(gs_classForHiddenWindow, NULL,
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
0, 0, 0, 0, NULL,
(HMENU)NULL, wxGetInstance(), 0);
wxASSERT_MSG( hwnd, wxT("can't create a hidden window for wxExecute") );
// Alloc data
wxExecuteData *data = new wxExecuteData;
data->hProcess = pi.hProcess;
data->dwProcessId = pi.dwProcessId;
data->hWnd = hwnd;
data->state = (flags & wxEXEC_SYNC) != 0;
if ( flags & wxEXEC_SYNC )
{
// handler may be !NULL for capturing program output, but we don't use
// it wxExecuteData struct in this case
data->handler = NULL;
}
else
{
// may be NULL or not
data->handler = handler;
}
DWORD tid;
HANDLE hThread = ::CreateThread(NULL,
0,
wxExecuteThread,
(void *)data,
0,
&tid);
// resume process we created now - whether the thread creation succeeded or
// not
if ( ::ResumeThread(pi.hThread) == (DWORD)-1 )
{
// ignore it - what can we do?
wxLogLastError(wxT("ResumeThread in wxExecute"));
}
// close unneeded handle
if ( !::CloseHandle(pi.hThread) )
wxLogLastError(wxT("CloseHandle(hThread)"));
if ( !hThread )
{
wxLogLastError(wxT("CreateThread in wxExecute"));
DestroyWindow(hwnd);
delete data;
// the process still started up successfully...
return pi.dwProcessId;
}
::CloseHandle(hThread);
#if wxUSE_IPC
// second part of DDE hack: now establish the DDE conversation with the
// just launched process
if ( !ddeServer.empty() )
{
bool ok;
// give the process the time to init itself
//
// we use a very big timeout hoping that WaitForInputIdle() will return
// much sooner, but not INFINITE just in case the process hangs
// completely - like this we will regain control sooner or later
switch ( ::WaitForInputIdle(pi.hProcess, 10000 /* 10 seconds */) )
{
default:
wxFAIL_MSG( _T("unexpected WaitForInputIdle() return code") );
// fall through
case -1:
wxLogLastError(_T("WaitForInputIdle() in wxExecute"));
case WAIT_TIMEOUT:
wxLogDebug(_T("Timeout too small in WaitForInputIdle"));
ok = FALSE;
break;
case 0:
// ok, process ready to accept DDE requests
ok = wxExecuteDDE(ddeServer, ddeTopic, ddeCommand);
}
}
#endif // wxUSE_IPC
if ( !(flags & wxEXEC_SYNC) )
{
// clean up will be done when the process terminates
// return the pid
return pi.dwProcessId;
}
// disable all app windows while waiting for the child process to finish
#if wxUSE_GUI
/*
We use a dirty hack here to disable all application windows (which we
must do because otherwise the calls to wxYield() could lead to some very
unexpected reentrancies in the users code) but to avoid losing
focus/activation entirely when the child process terminates which would
happen if we simply disabled everything using wxWindowDisabler. Indeed,
remember that Windows will never activate a disabled window and when the
last childs window is closed and Windows looks for a window to activate
all our windows are still disabled. There is no way to enable them in
time because we don't know when the childs windows are going to be
closed, so the solution we use here is to keep one special tiny frame
enabled all the time. Then when the child terminates it will get
activated and when we close it below -- after reenabling all the other
windows! -- the previously active window becomes activated again and
everything is ok.
*/
wxWindow *winActive;
{
wxBusyCursor bc;
// first disable all existing windows
wxWindowDisabler wd;
// then create an "invisible" frame: it has minimal size, is positioned
// (hopefully) outside the screen and doesn't appear on the taskbar
winActive = new wxFrame
(
wxTheApp->GetTopWindow(),
-1,
_T(""),
wxPoint(32600, 32600),
wxSize(1, 1),
wxDEFAULT_FRAME_STYLE | wxFRAME_NO_TASKBAR
);
winActive->Show();
#endif // wxUSE_GUI
// wait until the child process terminates
while ( data->state )
{
#if wxUSE_STREAMS
bufOut.Update();
bufErr.Update();
#endif // wxUSE_STREAMS
// don't eat 100% of the CPU -- ugly but anything else requires
// real async IO which we don't have for the moment
::Sleep(50);
#if wxUSE_GUI
// repaint the GUI
wxYield();
#else // !GUI
// dispatch the messages to the hidden window so that it could
// process the wxWM_PROC_TERMINATED notification
MSG msg;
::PeekMessage(&msg, hwnd, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE);
#endif // GUI/!GUI
}
#if wxUSE_GUI
}
// finally delete the dummy frame and, as wd has been already destroyed and
// the other windows reenabled, the activation is going to return to the
// window which had it before
winActive->Destroy();
#endif // wxUSE_GUI
DWORD dwExitCode = data->dwExitCode;
delete data;
// return the exit code
return dwExitCode;
#else // Win16
long instanceID = WinExec((LPCSTR) WXSTRINGCAST command, SW_SHOW);
if (instanceID < 32)
return flags & wxEXEC_SYNC ? -1 : 0;
if ( flags & wxEXEC_SYNC )
{
int running;
do
{
wxYield();
running = GetModuleUsage((HINSTANCE)instanceID);
} while (running);
}
return instanceID;
#endif // Win16/32
}
long wxExecute(wxChar **argv, int flags, wxProcess *handler)
{
wxString command;
for ( ;; )
{
command += *argv++;
if ( !*argv )
break;
command += _T(' ');
}
return wxExecute(command, flags, handler);
}