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/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Name: samples
// Purpose: topic overview
// Author: wxWidgets team
// RCS-ID: $Id$
// Licence: wxWindows license
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/*!
@page samples_overview wxWidgets samples
Probably the best way to learn wxWidgets is by reading the source of some 50+
samples provided with it. Many aspects of wxWidgets programming can be learnt
from them, but sometimes it is not simple to just choose the right sample to
look at. This overview aims at describing what each sample does/demonstrates to
make it easier to find the relevant one if a simple grep through all sources
didn't help. They also provide some notes about using the samples and what
features of wxWidgets are they supposed to test.
There are currently more than 50 different samples as part of wxWidgets and
this list is not complete. You should start your tour of wxWidgets with the
@ref sampleminimal_overview which is the wxWidgets version of
"Hello, world!". It shows the basic structure of wxWidgets program and is the
most commented sample of all - looking at its source code is recommended.
The next most useful samples are probably #widgets
and #controls which show many of wxWidgets native and
generic controls, such as buttons, listboxes, checkboxes, comboboxes etc.
Other, more complicated controls, have their own samples. In this category you
may find the following samples showing the corresponding controls:
#wxCalendarCtrl
Calendar a.k.a. date picker control
#wxListCtrl
List view control
#wxTreeCtrl
Tree view control
#wxGrid
Grid control
Finally, it might be helpful to do a search in the entire sample directory if
you can't find the sample showing the control you are interested in by
name. Most classes contained in wxWidgets occur in at least one of the samples.
@ref sampleminimal_overview
@ref sampleanimate_overview
@ref sampleartprovider_overview
@ref samplecalendar_overview
@ref sampleconfig_overview
@ref samplecontrols_overview
@ref sampledebugrpt_overview
@ref sampledialogs_overview
@ref sampledialup_overview
@ref samplednd_overview
@ref sampleevent_overview
#Except(ions) sample
@ref sampleexec_overview
@ref samplefont_overview
@ref samplegrid_overview
@ref samplehtml_overview
@ref sampleimage_overview
#Internat(ionalization) sample
@ref samplelayout_overview
@ref samplelistctrl_overview
@ref samplemediaplayer_overview
@ref samplenotebook_overview
@ref samplerender_overview
@ref samplescrollsub_overview
@ref samplesockets_overview
@ref samplesound_overview
@ref samplestatbar_overview
@ref sampletaborder_overview
@ref sampletext_overview
@ref samplethread_overview
@ref sampletoolbar_overview
@ref sampletreectrl_overview
@ref samplewidgets_overview
@ref samplewizard_overview
@section sampleminimal Minimal sample
The minimal sample is what most people will know under the term Hello World,
i.e. a minimal program that doesn't demonstrate anything apart from what is
needed to write a program that will display a "hello" dialog. This is usually
a good starting point for learning how to use wxWidgets.
@section sampleanimate Animate sample
The @c animate sample shows how you can use #wxAnimationCtrl
control and shows concept of a platform-dependent animation encapsulated
in #wxAnimation.
@section sampleartprovider Art provider sample
The @c artprov sample shows how you can customize the look of standard
wxWidgets dialogs by replacing default bitmaps/icons with your own versions.
It also shows how you can use wxArtProvider to
get stock bitmaps for use in your application.
@section samplecalendar Calendar sample
This font shows the @ref calendarctrl_overview in action. It
shows how to configure the control (see the different options in the calendar
menu) and also how to process the notifications from it.
@section sampleconfig Config sample
This sample demonstrates the #wxConfig classes in a platform
independent way, i.e. it uses text based files to store a given configuration under
Unix and uses the Registry under Windows.
See @ref config_overview for the descriptions of all
features of this class.
@section samplecontrols Controls sample
The controls sample is the main test program for most simple controls used in
wxWidgets. The sample tests their basic functionality, events, placement,
modification in terms of colour and font as well as the possibility to change
the controls programmatically, such as adding an item to a list box etc. Apart
from that, the sample uses a #wxNotebook and tests most
features of this special control (using bitmap in the tabs, using
#wxSizers and #constraints within
notebook pages, advancing pages programmatically and vetoing a page change
by intercepting the #wxNotebookEvent.
The various controls tested are listed here:
#wxButton
Push button control, displaying text
#wxBitmapButton
Push button control, displaying a bitmap
#wxCheckBox
Checkbox control
#wxChoice
Choice control (a combobox without the editable area)
#wxComboBox
A choice with an editable area
#wxGauge
A control to represent a varying quantity, such as time remaining
#wxStaticBox
A static, or group box for visually grouping related controls
#wxListBox
A list of strings for single or multiple selection
wxSpinCtrl
A spin ctrl with a text field and a 'up-down' control
#wxSpinButton
A spin or 'up-down' control
#wxStaticText
One or more lines of non-editable text
#wxStaticBitmap
A control to display a bitmap
#wxRadioBox
A group of radio buttons
#wxRadioButton
A round button to be used with others in a mutually exclusive way
#wxSlider
A slider that can be dragged by the user
@section sampledebugrpt DebugRpt sample
This sample shows how to use #wxDebugReport class to
generate a debug report in case of a program crash or otherwise. On start up,
it proposes to either crash itself (by dereferencing a @NULL pointer) or
generate debug report without doing it. Next it initializes the debug report
with standard information adding a custom file to it (just a timestamp) and
allows to view the information gathered using
#wxDebugReportPreview.
For the report processing part of the sample to work you should make available
a Web server accepting form uploads, otherwise
#wxDebugReportUpload will report an error.
@section sampledialogs Dialogs sample
This sample shows how to use the common dialogs available from wxWidgets. These
dialogs are described in detail in the @ref commondialogs_overview.
@section sampledialup Dialup sample
This sample shows the #wxDialUpManager
class. In the status bar, it displays the information gathered through its
interface: in particular, the current connection status (online or offline) and
whether the connection is permanent (in which case a string 'LAN' appears in
the third status bar field - but note that you may be on a LAN not
connected to the Internet, in which case you will not see this) or not.
Using the menu entries, you may also dial or hang up the line if you have a
modem attached and (this only makes sense for Windows) list the available
connections.
@section samplednd DnD sample
This sample shows both clipboard and drag and drop in action. It is quite non
trivial and may be safely used as a basis for implementing the clipboard and
drag and drop operations in a real-life program.
When you run the sample, its screen is split in several parts. On the top,
there are two listboxes which show the standard derivations of
#wxDropTarget:
#wxTextDropTarget and
#wxFileDropTarget.
The middle of the sample window is taken by the log window which shows what is
going on (of course, this only works in debug builds) and may be helpful to see
the sequence of steps of data transfer.
Finally, the last part is used for dragging text from it to either one of the
listboxes (only one will accept it) or another application. The last
functionality available from the main frame is to paste a bitmap from the
clipboard (or, in the case of the Windows version, also a metafile) - it will be
shown in a new frame.
So far, everything we mentioned was implemented with minimal amount of code
using standard wxWidgets classes. The more advanced features are demonstrated
if you create a shape frame from the main frame menu. A shape is a geometric
object which has a position, size and color. It models some
application-specific data in this sample. A shape object supports its own
private #wxDataFormat which means that you may cut and
paste it or drag and drop (between one and the same or different shapes) from
one sample instance to another (or the same). However, chances are that no
other program supports this format and so shapes can also be rendered as
bitmaps which allows them to be pasted/dropped in many other applications
(and, under Windows, also as metafiles which are supported by most of Windows
programs as well - try Write/Wordpad, for example).
Take a look at DnDShapeDataObject class to see how you may use
#wxDataObject to achieve this.
@section sampleevent Event sample
The event sample demonstrates various features of the wxWidgets events. It
shows using dynamic events and connecting/disconnecting the event handlers
during run time and also using
#PushEventHandler() and
#PopEventHandler().
@section sampleexcept Except(ions) sample
This very simple sample shows how to use C++ exceptions in wxWidgets programs,
i.e. where to catch the exception which may be thrown by the program code. It
doesn't do anything very exciting by itself, you need to study its code to
understand what goes on.
You need to build the library with @c wxUSE_EXCEPTIONS being set to 1
and compile your code with C++ exceptions support to be able to build this
sample.
@section sampleexec Exec sample
The exec sample demonstrates the #wxExecute and
#wxShell functions. Both of them are used to execute the
external programs and the sample shows how to do this synchronously (waiting
until the program terminates) or asynchronously (notification will come later).
It also shows how to capture the output of the child process in both
synchronous and asynchronous cases and how to kill the processes with
wxProcess::Kill and test for their existence with
wxProcess::Exists.
@section samplefont Font sample
The font sample demonstrates #wxFont,
#wxFontEnumerator and
#wxFontMapper classes. It allows you to see the fonts
available (to wxWidgets) on the computer and shows all characters of the
chosen font as well.
@section samplegrid Grid sample
TODO.
@section samplehtml HTML samples
Eight HTML samples (you can find them in directory @c samples/html)
cover all features of the HTML sub-library.
@b Test demonstrates how to create #wxHtmlWindow
and also shows most supported HTML tags.
@b Widget shows how you can embed ordinary controls or windows within an
HTML page. It also nicely explains how to write new tag handlers and extend
the library to work with unsupported tags.
@b About may give you an idea how to write good-looking About boxes.
@b Zip demonstrates use of virtual file systems in wxHTML. The zip archives
handler (ships with wxWidgets) allows you to access HTML pages stored
in a compressed archive as if they were ordinary files.
@b Virtual is yet another virtual file systems demo. This one generates pages at run-time.
You may find it useful if you need to display some reports in your application.
@b Printing explains use of #wxHtmlEasyPrinting
class which serves as as-simple-as-possible interface for printing HTML
documents without much work. In fact, only few function calls are sufficient.
@b Help and @b Helpview are variations on displaying HTML help
(compatible with MS HTML Help Workshop). @e Help shows how to embed
#wxHtmlHelpController in your application
while @e Helpview is a simple tool that only pops up the help window and
displays help books given at command line.
@section sampleimage Image sample
The image sample demonstrates use of the #wxImage class
and shows how to download images in a variety of formats, currently PNG, GIF,
TIFF, JPEG, BMP, PNM and PCX. The top of the sample shows two rectangles, one
of which is drawn directly in the window, the other one is drawn into a
#wxBitmap, converted to a wxImage, saved as a PNG image
and then reloaded from the PNG file again so that conversions between wxImage
and wxBitmap as well as loading and saving PNG files are tested.
At the bottom of the main frame there is a test for using a monochrome bitmap by
drawing into a #wxMemoryDC. The bitmap is then drawn
specifying the foreground and background colours with
wxDC::SetTextForeground and
wxDC::SetTextBackground (on the left). The
bitmap is then converted to a wxImage and the foreground colour (black) is
replaced with red using wxImage::Replace.
This sample also contains the code for testing the image rotation and resizing
and using raw bitmap access, see the corresponding menu commands.
@section sampleinternat Internat(ionalization) sample
The not very clearly named internat sample demonstrates the wxWidgets
internationalization (i18n for short from now on) features. To be more
precise, it only shows localization support, i.e. support for translating the
program messages into another language while @true i18n would also involve
changing the other aspects of the programs behaviour.
More information about this sample can be found in the @c readme.txt file in
its directory. Please see also @ref internationalization_overview.
@section samplelayout Layout sample
The layout sample demonstrates the two different layout systems offered
by wxWidgets. When starting the program, you will see a frame with some
controls and some graphics. The controls will change their size whenever
you resize the entire frame and the exact behaviour of the size changes
is determined using the #wxLayoutConstraints
class. See also the #overview and the
#wxIndividualLayoutConstraint
class for further information.
The menu in this sample offers two more tests, one showing how to use
a #wxBoxSizer in a simple dialog and the other one
showing how to use sizers in connection with a #wxNotebook
class. See also #wxSizer.
@section samplelistctrl Listctrl sample
This sample shows the #wxListCtrl control. Different modes
supported by the control (list, icons, small icons, report) may be chosen from
the menu.
The sample also provides some timings for adding/deleting/sorting a lot of
(several thousands) items into the control.
@section samplemediaplayer Mediaplayer sample
This sample demonstrates how to use all the features of
#wxMediaCtrl and play various types of sound, video,
and other files.
It replaces the old dynamic sample.
@section samplenotebook Notebook sample
This samples shows #wxBookCtrl family of controls.
Although initially it was written to demonstrate #wxNotebook
only, it can now be also used to see #wxListbook,
#wxChoicebook and #wxTreebook in action.
Test each of the controls, their orientation, images and pages using commands through menu.
@section samplerender Render sample
This sample shows how to replace the default wxWidgets
#renderer and also how to write a shared library
(DLL) implementing a renderer and load and unload it during the run-time.
@section samplescrollsub Scroll subwindow sample
This sample demonstrates use of the #wxScrolledWindow
class including placing subwindows into it and drawing simple graphics. It uses the
#SetTargetWindow method and thus the effect
of scrolling does not show in the scrolled window itself, but in one of its subwindows.
Additionally, this samples demonstrates how to optimize drawing operations in wxWidgets,
in particular using the wxWindow::IsExposed method with
the aim to prevent unnecessary drawing in the window and thus reducing or removing
flicker on screen.
@section samplesockets Sockets sample
The sockets sample demonstrates how to use the communication facilities
provided by #wxSocket. There are two different
applications in this sample: a server, which is implemented using a
#wxSocketServer object, and a client, which
is implemented as a #wxSocketClient.
The server binds to the local address, using TCP port number 3000,
sets up an event handler to be notified of incoming connection requests
(@b wxSOCKET_CONNECTION events), and sits there, waiting for clients
(@e listening, in socket parlance). For each accepted connection,
a new #wxSocketBase object is created. These
socket objects are independent from the server that created them, so
they set up their own event handler, and then request to be notified
of @b wxSOCKET_INPUT (incoming data) or @b wxSOCKET_LOST
(connection closed at the remote end) events. In the sample, the event
handler is the same for all connections; to find out which socket the
event is addressed to, the #GetSocket function
is used.
Although it might take some time to get used to the event-oriented
system upon which wxSocket is built, the benefits are many. See, for
example, that the server application, while being single-threaded
(and of course without using fork() or ugly select() loops) can handle
an arbitrary number of connections.
The client starts up unconnected, so you can use the Connect... option
to specify the address of the server you are going to connect to (the
TCP port number is hard-coded as 3000). Once connected, a number of
tests are possible. Currently, three tests are implemented. They show
how to use the basic IO calls in #wxSocketBase,
such as #Read, #Write,
#ReadMsg and #WriteMsg,
and how to set up the correct IO flags depending on what you are going to
do. See the comments in the code for more information. Note that because
both clients and connection objects in the server set up an event handler
to catch @b wxSOCKET_LOST events, each one is immediately notified
if the other end closes the connection.
There is also a URL test which shows how to use
the #wxURL class to fetch data from a given URL.
The sockets sample is work in progress. Some things to do:
More tests for basic socket functionality.
More tests for protocol classes (wxProtocol and its descendants).
Tests for the recently added (and still in alpha stage) datagram sockets.
New samples which actually do something useful (suggestions accepted).
@section samplesound Sound sample
The @c sound sample shows how to use #wxSound for simple
audio output (e.g. notifications).
@section samplestatbar Statbar sample
This sample shows how to create and use wxStatusBar. Although most of the
samples have a statusbar, they usually only create a default one and only
do it once.
Here you can see how to recreate the statusbar (with possibly different number
of fields) and how to use it to show icons/bitmaps and/or put arbitrary
controls into it.
@section sampletaborder Tab order sample
This sample allows to test keyboard navigation (mostly done using the
@c TAB key, hence the sample name) between different controls.
It shows the use of
wxWindow::MoveBeforeInTabOrder() and
#MoveAfterInTabOrder() methods to change
the default order of the windows in the navigation chain and of
wxWindow::Navigate() for moving focus along this
chain.
@section sampletext Text sample
This sample demonstrates four features: firstly the use and many variants of
the #wxTextCtrl class (single line, multi line, read only,
password, ignoring TAB, ignoring ENTER).
Secondly it shows how to intercept a #wxKeyEvent in both
the raw form using the @c EVT_KEY_UP and @c EVT_KEY_DOWN macros and the
higher level from using the @c EVT_CHAR macro. All characters will be logged
in a log window at the bottom of the main window. By pressing some of the function
keys, you can test some actions in the text ctrl as well as get statistics on the
text ctrls, which is useful for testing if these statistics actually are correct.
Thirdly, on platforms which support it, the sample will offer to copy text to the
#wxClipboard and to paste text from it. The GTK version will
use the so called PRIMARY SELECTION, which is the pseudo clipboard under X and
best known from pasting text to the XTerm program.
Last not least: some of the text controls have tooltips and the sample also shows
how tooltips can be centrally disabled and their latency controlled.
@section samplethread Thread sample
This sample demonstrates use of threads in connection with GUI programs.
There are two fundamentally different ways to use threads in GUI programs and
either way has to take care of the fact that the GUI library itself usually
is not multi-threading safe, i.e. that it might crash if two threads try to
access the GUI class simultaneously. One way to prevent that is have a normal
GUI program in the main thread and some worker threads which work in the
background. In order to make communication between the main thread and the
worker threads possible, wxWidgets offers the #wxPostEvent
function and this sample makes use of this function.
The other way to use a so called Mutex (such as those offered in the #wxMutex
class) that prevent threads from accessing the GUI classes as long as any other
thread accesses them. For this, wxWidgets has the #wxMutexGuiEnter
and #wxMutexGuiLeave functions, both of which are
used and tested in the sample as well.
See also @ref thread_overview and #wxThread.
@section sampletoolbar Toolbar sample
The toolbar sample shows the #wxToolBar class in action.
The following things are demonstrated:
Creating the toolbar using wxToolBar::AddTool
and wxToolBar::AddControl: see
MyApp::InitToolbar in the sample.
Using @c EVT_UPDATE_UI handler for automatically enabling/disabling
toolbar buttons without having to explicitly call EnableTool. This is done
in MyFrame::OnUpdateCopyAndCut.
Using wxToolBar::DeleteTool and
wxToolBar::InsertTool to dynamically update the
toolbar.
Some buttons in the main toolbar are check buttons, i.e. they stay checked when
pressed. On the platforms which support it, the sample also adds a combobox
to the toolbar showing how you can use arbitrary controls and not only buttons
in it.
If you toggle another toolbar in the sample (using @c Ctrl-A) you will also
see the radio toolbar buttons in action: the first three buttons form a radio
group, i.e. checking any of them automatically unchecks the previously
checked one.
@section sampletreectrl Treectrl sample
This sample demonstrates using the #wxTreeCtrl class. Here
you may see how to process various notification messages sent by this control
and also when they occur (by looking at the messages in the text control in
the bottom part of the frame).
Adding, inserting and deleting items and branches from the tree as well as
sorting (in default alphabetical order as well as in custom one) is
demonstrated here as well - try the corresponding menu entries.
@section samplewidgets Widgets sample
The widgets sample is the main presentation program for most simple and advanced
native controls and complex generic widgets provided by wxWidgets.
The sample tests their basic functionality, events, placement, modification
in terms of colour and font as well as the possibility to change
the controls programmatically, such as adding an item to a list box etc.
All widgets are categorized for easy browsing.
@section samplewizard Wizard sample
This sample shows the so-called wizard dialog (implemented using
#wxWizard and related classes). It shows almost all
features supported:
Using bitmaps with the wizard and changing them depending on the page
shown (notice that wxValidationPage in the sample has a different image from
the other ones)
Using #TransferDataFromWindow
to verify that the data entered is correct before passing to the next page
(done in wxValidationPage which forces the user to check a checkbox before
continuing).
Using more elaborated techniques to allow returning to the previous
page, but not continuing to the next one or vice versa (in wxRadioboxPage)
This (wxRadioboxPage) page also shows how the page may process the @c Cancel button itself instead of relying on the wizard parent to do it.
Normally, the order of the pages in the wizard is known at compile-time,
but sometimes it depends on the user choices: wxCheckboxPage shows how to
dynamically decide which page to display next (see also
#wxWizardPage)
*/